IT & Outsourcing Glossary | ISB Vietnam

IT & Outsourcing Glossary

Find clear explanations for key terms in software outsourcing, offshore development, Japanese quality standards, security compliance, and IT services.

Strategy

Outsourcing

Outsourcing is the business practice of hiring an external party to perform services or create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company's own employees and staff.

Engineering

IT Outsourcing

IT outsourcing is the practice of hiring external service providers to handle information technology functions, including software development, IT support, infrastructure management, and cybersecurity.

Talent

HR Outsourcing

HR outsourcing is the practice of delegating human resources functions to an external provider. These functions can include recruitment, payroll processing, employee benefits administration, compliance management, and performance management.

Operations

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the practice of contracting specific business operations and responsibilities to a third-party service provider. BPO typically covers back-office functions such as accounting, HR, and data entry, as well as front-office functions such as customer service and sales.

Talent

Recruitment Process Outsourcing

Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) is a form of business process outsourcing where an organization transfers all or part of its recruitment activities to an external provider. The RPO provider acts as an extension of the company's HR department, managing job postings, candidate sourcing, screening, interviewing, and onboarding. RPO is used by companies looking to improve hiring quality, reduce time-to-hire, and lower recruitment costs.

Finance

Outsourced Accounting

Outsourced accounting refers to the practice of hiring an external firm or specialist to manage a company's financial records, reporting, and accounting functions. This includes bookkeeping, tax preparation, payroll, financial statement preparation, and management reporting.

Engineering

Outsourced IT Support

Outsourced IT support refers to the practice of contracting an external provider to handle a company's technical support needs. This includes help desk services, network monitoring, cybersecurity, software maintenance, and hardware troubleshooting.

Finance

Payroll Outsourcing

Payroll outsourcing is the practice of hiring a third-party provider to manage all aspects of employee payroll processing. This includes calculating wages, withholding taxes, managing deductions, and ensuring compliance with local labor laws.

Finance

Outsourced Bookkeeping

Outsourced bookkeeping is the practice of hiring an external provider to manage a company's day-to-day financial records. This includes recording transactions, reconciling bank statements, managing accounts payable and receivable, and preparing financial reports.

Finance

Outsourced CFO

An outsourced CFO (Chief Financial Officer) is an external financial expert hired on a part-time or contract basis to provide strategic financial leadership to a company. Outsourced CFOs handle financial planning, cash flow management, fundraising support, investor reporting, and risk management.

Operations

Customer Service Outsourcing

Customer service outsourcing is the practice of hiring an external provider to handle customer-facing support functions. This includes phone support, email support, live chat, social media management, and complaint resolution.

Operations

Call Center Outsourcing

Call center outsourcing is the practice of contracting an external company to manage inbound and outbound customer calls. Services typically include customer support, technical assistance, sales calls, and order processing.

Engineering

Software Development Outsourcing

Software development outsourcing is the practice of hiring external developers or development teams to design, build, and maintain software applications. This includes web development, mobile app development, enterprise software, and custom system development.

Strategy

Legal Process Outsourcing

Legal process outsourcing (LPO) is the practice of hiring external providers to handle legal support functions. This includes contract drafting, legal research, document review, compliance management, and intellectual property services.

Location

Offshore Outsourcing

Offshore outsourcing is the practice of hiring a third-party company located in a different country to perform business functions or services. It is commonly used to access lower labor costs, specialized skills, and extended working hours across time zones.

Strategy

Outsourced Sales

Outsourced sales is the practice of hiring an external team or agency to handle sales functions on behalf of a company. This includes lead generation, prospecting, closing deals, and account management.

Strategy

Outsourced Marketing

Outsourced marketing is the practice of hiring external agencies or specialists to manage marketing functions. This includes content creation, SEO, social media management, paid advertising, email marketing, and brand strategy.

Engineering

Outsource IT Services

Outsourcing IT services refers to the practice of contracting external providers to deliver technology-related services. This includes managed IT services, cloud infrastructure, cybersecurity, software development, and technical support.

Strategy

Outsourcing Examples

Outsourcing examples refer to real-world cases where companies delegate specific business functions to external providers. Common examples include hiring a software development firm in Vietnam for IT projects, contracting a BPO company for customer service, using an external accounting firm for bookkeeping, and partnering with a recruitment agency for hiring.

Strategy

Outsourcing Companies

Outsourcing companies are businesses that provide services to other organizations on a contract basis, taking over specific functions that the client would otherwise handle internally. These companies specialize in areas such as IT, customer service, accounting, HR, and software development.

Talent

Outsource Staffing

Outsource staffing is the practice of hiring an external agency to source, recruit, and manage workers on behalf of a company. The staffing agency handles the recruitment process, employment contracts, payroll, and HR administration, while the workers perform tasks for the client company.

Engineering

Outsource Web Development

Outsource web development is the practice of hiring external developers or agencies to design, build, and maintain websites and web applications. This includes front-end development, back-end development, e-commerce platforms, and content management systems.

Strategy

Benefits of Outsourcing

The benefits of outsourcing include cost reduction, access to specialized expertise, increased operational efficiency, and the ability to focus on core business functions. Outsourcing also provides flexibility to scale operations up or down based on business needs, access to global talent pools, and faster time-to-market for products and services.

Strategy

Outsourcing vs Offshoring

Outsourcing and offshoring are related but distinct concepts. Outsourcing refers to delegating business functions to an external provider, which can be located in the same country or abroad. Offshoring specifically refers to relocating business operations or hiring workers in another country, regardless of whether a third-party provider is involved.

Operations

Back Office Outsourcing

Back office outsourcing is the practice of delegating internal business support functions to an external provider. These functions typically include accounting, payroll, HR administration, data entry, IT support, and compliance management.

Engineering

Technical Support Outsourcing

Technical support outsourcing is the practice of hiring an external provider to handle product and technology-related customer support. This includes troubleshooting hardware and software issues, managing help desk services, providing remote assistance, and handling technical inquiries.

Operations

Data Entry Outsourcing

Data entry outsourcing is the practice of hiring external providers to handle the input, processing, and management of data. This includes digitizing paper documents, updating databases, processing forms, and managing spreadsheets.

Location

Outsourcing to Philippines

Outsourcing to the Philippines refers to the practice of delegating business functions to companies or workers based in the Philippines. The country is one of the leading outsourcing destinations globally, particularly for customer service, BPO, IT support, and back-office operations.

Location

Nearshore Outsourcing

Nearshore outsourcing is the practice of delegating business functions to external providers located in neighboring or nearby countries. It offers a middle ground between onshore outsourcing (same country) and offshore outsourcing (distant countries), combining cost savings with geographic and cultural proximity.

Operations

Supply Chain Outsourcing

Supply chain outsourcing is the practice of delegating supply chain management functions to external providers. This includes procurement, logistics, warehousing, inventory management, and distribution.

Operations

Customer Support Outsourcing

Customer support outsourcing is the practice of hiring an external provider to manage customer inquiries, complaints, and assistance requests. This includes multichannel support across phone, email, live chat, and social media platforms.

Location

Global Outsourcing

Global outsourcing is the practice of delegating business functions to external providers located anywhere in the world. It extends beyond domestic or regional outsourcing to leverage talent, cost advantages, and specialized expertise from international markets.

Operations

Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) is a form of business process outsourcing that involves delegating high-value, knowledge-intensive tasks to external providers. Unlike standard BPO which focuses on routine processes, KPO covers activities that require specialized expertise, analytical skills, and domain knowledge.

Engineering

QA Outsourcing

QA outsourcing is the practice of hiring external specialists to handle quality assurance and software testing functions. This includes functional testing, performance testing, security testing, automated testing, and user acceptance testing.

Location

Outsourcing to India

Outsourcing to India refers to the practice of delegating business functions to companies or workers based in India. India is one of the world's largest outsourcing destinations, particularly for IT services, software development, customer support, and business process outsourcing.

Strategy

Disadvantages of Outsourcing

The disadvantages of outsourcing include potential loss of control over business processes, communication challenges across time zones and cultures, data security risks, and dependency on external providers. Quality inconsistencies, hidden costs, and the risk of vendor lock-in are also common concerns.

Talent

Outsourcing Jobs

Outsourcing jobs refers to the practice of transferring specific job functions or roles to external providers or workers, either domestically or internationally. This can involve individual positions such as accountants, developers, or customer service representatives, or entire departments.

Operations

Manufacturing Outsourcing

Manufacturing outsourcing is the practice of contracting external companies to produce goods or components on behalf of a business. This includes contract manufacturing, original equipment manufacturing (OEM), and assembly outsourcing.

Location

Onshore Outsourcing

Onshore outsourcing is the practice of delegating business functions to an external provider located within the same country. It offers the advantages of shared language, culture, time zone, and regulatory environment, while still allowing companies to access specialized expertise without hiring full-time staff.

Engineering

Cybersecurity Outsourcing

Cybersecurity outsourcing is the practice of hiring external providers to manage an organization's information security functions. This includes threat monitoring, incident response, vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, compliance management, and security operations center (SOC) services.

Talent

Staff Augmentation vs Outsourcing

Staff augmentation and outsourcing are two distinct models for accessing external talent. Staff augmentation involves hiring individual contractors or specialists to work alongside an existing in-house team, giving the company direct control over day-to-day work. Outsourcing involves delegating an entire function or project to an external provider who manages their own team and processes.

Strategy

Insourcing vs Outsourcing

Insourcing refers to the practice of handling business functions internally rather than delegating them to external providers. It is the opposite of outsourcing. Companies choose insourcing when they want greater control over quality, processes, and intellectual property, or when building long-term internal capabilities is a strategic priority.

Engineering

Outsourced CMO

An outsourced CMO (Chief Marketing Officer) is an external marketing executive hired on a part-time or contract basis to provide strategic marketing leadership. Outsourced CMOs develop and oversee marketing strategy, brand positioning, campaign management, and team leadership without the cost of a full-time executive hire.

Finance

Finance and Accounting Outsourcing

Finance and accounting outsourcing (FAO) is the practice of delegating financial management and accounting functions to an external provider. This includes accounts payable and receivable, general ledger management, financial reporting, tax compliance, payroll processing, and audit support.

Strategy

Outsourced Product Development

Outsourced product development is the practice of hiring an external team to design, build, and launch a product on behalf of a company. This includes software products, hardware products, and digital platforms. The external team typically handles the full product development lifecycle, from requirements gathering and design to development, testing, and deployment.

Operations

Procurement Outsourcing

Procurement outsourcing is the practice of delegating purchasing and supply management functions to an external provider. This includes supplier selection, contract negotiation, purchase order management, spend analysis, and vendor relationship management. Organizations outsource procurement to reduce costs, improve supplier relationships, gain access to procurement expertise, and free up internal resources for strategic business activities.

Location

Nearshore Software Outsourcing

Nearshore software outsourcing is the practice of hiring software development teams located in neighboring or nearby countries. It combines the cost benefits of offshore outsourcing with the geographic and cultural proximity of onshore outsourcing.

Engineering

IT Outsourcing Solutions

IT outsourcing solutions refer to the range of services and delivery models available when organizations delegate technology functions to external providers. These solutions include managed IT services, dedicated development teams, staff augmentation, project-based outsourcing, and cloud infrastructure management.

Finance

Outsourced Accounting Firms

Outsourced accounting firms are specialized companies that provide accounting and financial management services to businesses on a contract basis. These firms handle bookkeeping, tax preparation, payroll, financial reporting, and CFO-level advisory services. Businesses use outsourced accounting firms to access professional financial expertise without the overhead of hiring full-time accounting staff. They are commonly used by startups, small and mid-sized businesses, and companies expanding into new markets.

Talent

Recruitment Outsourcing

Recruitment outsourcing is the practice of hiring an external provider to manage some or all of an organization's recruitment activities. Unlike Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO), which typically involves a comprehensive long-term partnership, recruitment outsourcing can also refer to more flexible, project-based arrangements.

Location

Outsourcing to Vietnam

Outsourcing to Vietnam refers to the practice of delegating business functions to companies or workers based in Vietnam. The country has emerged as one of Asia's fastest-growing IT outsourcing destinations, particularly for software development, IT support, and back-office operations.

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